Learn the 4Cs

How to read a diamond certificate

Carat, colour, clarity and cut β€” the four measures behind every grade. Here is what each one means, and how to read it on a DGI report.

Carat

Weight, not size. One carat is 0.2 grams β€” but how it is cut decides how large it looks.

Colour

Graded D (colourless) to Z. The less colour, the rarer the stone.

Clarity

How free the stone is of inclusions, from Flawless (FL) to Included (I3).

Cut

How well the stone returns light. The one C made by human hands β€” and the one you see first.

Colour

The colour scale

From D to Z. Tap a grade to see what it means.

D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z

Colourless β€” no detectable colour. The rarest grade, and the most prized.

Near colourless β€” colour is hard to detect once the stone is set. Excellent value.

Faint β€” a slight warmth, visible to a trained eye against a white background.

Very light β€” a noticeable tint. Often chosen for a warmer look.

Light β€” a clear yellow tint. Beyond Z, colour is graded as fancy.

Clarity

The clarity scale

Eleven grades, from flawless to visibly included. Tap one to learn more.

FL
IF
VVS1
VVS2
VS1
VS2
SI1
SI2
I1
I2
I3

Flawless / Internally Flawless β€” no inclusions visible under 10Γ— magnification.

VVS β€” very, very slight inclusions, extremely hard to see even under a loupe.

VS β€” very slight inclusions, difficult to see under 10Γ—.

SI β€” slight inclusions, visible under 10Γ— and sometimes to the naked eye.

Included β€” inclusions visible to the naked eye that may affect durability.

Cut

Why cut matters most

Cut is the only C shaped by human hands β€” and it decides how a diamond sparkles. We grade it from Excellent to Poor, with a Hearts & Arrows analysis where it is earned.

Excellent
Very Good
Good
Fair
Poor

Excellent β€” maximum brilliance and fire.

Very Good β€” superb light return, a touch below ideal.

Good β€” bright and attractive, well priced.

Fair β€” a noticeable loss of brilliance.

Poor β€” light escapes; the stone looks dull.

Carat

Carat & size

Carat is weight β€” but buyers see size. Here is roughly how the two relate for a round brilliant.

CaratDiameter (round)
0.25 ct4.1 mm
0.50 ct5.2 mm
0.75 ct5.9 mm
1.00 ct6.5 mm
1.50 ct7.4 mm
2.00 ct8.2 mm
3.00 ct9.4 mm

Approximate values for a round brilliant β€” proportions vary.

Verify

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